Biotin
B-vitamin involved in keratin synthesis
A water-soluble B-vitamin that participates in the carboxylation reactions involved in keratin formation. Applied topically as a co-factor for the hair shaft's structural protein. A familiar standby in scalp formulas.
Caffeine
Stimulates microcirculation at the scalp
Ginseng
Slow-grown Korean root
Calms the scalp and supports follicle vitality
Drawn from the root of Panax ginseng, cultivated for several years before harvest in Korea and northern China. The ginsenosides in the extract are studied for their anti-inflammatory effect at the scalp. Adds a quiet, grounding character to the blend.
Saw palmetto
Berry of the southeastern US fan palm
Studied for its inhibition of DHT at the scalp
Extracted from the berries of the saw palmetto, a fan palm native to the southeastern United States. Studied for its inhibition of 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to DHT. Used here for its scalp activity rather than its scent.
Red clover
Wild meadow legume
Isoflavone-rich; supports follicle anchoring
Extracted from the flowering heads of red clover, a leguminous meadow plant rich in biochanin A and other isoflavones. Studied for its DHT-modulating activity at the follicle. Forms the botanical half of the Capixyl™ peptide complex.